{"id":45568,"date":"2023-11-14T12:28:29","date_gmt":"2023-11-14T17:28:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hec.ca\/?p=45568&#038;preview=true&#038;preview_id=45568"},"modified":"2023-11-14T12:28:31","modified_gmt":"2023-11-14T17:28:31","slug":"bill-c-18-goverment-google-small-media","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/digital.hec.ca\/en\/blog\/bill-c-18-goverment-google-small-media\/","title":{"rendered":"Bill C-18 The Online News Act: What\u2019s new?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Published: 2023\/11\/14 Written by: Elliot Wyman<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/digital.hec.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/EDW_BillC18.mp3\"><\/audio><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Click here to listen to the podcast commentary on this issue<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Major regulation for Online Intermediaries concerning News coverage<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>It worked for Australia, why don\u2019t we do it too?<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s 2019, and the Canadian Liberal government, led by Justin Trudeau, just doled out a $595 million dollar bailout to certain approved news publishers. Ouch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2021 comes around, and Australia proposes a law that would force companies such as Google and Facebook (now Meta) to pay media companies for stories appearing on their sites. Facebook protests this deal, blocking all news on its platform across Australia, but in the end the law is passed and news remains on Facebook.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following year, the government is still being pressured to support digital news media, which is not improving economically, and decides to follow Australia\u2019s lead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In April 5, 2022, Bill C-18 has its first reading in the House of Commons, the first step in the process to turn a proposed Bill into a law, or use said Bill to modify an existing law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The bill is titled \u201cAn Act respecting online communications platforms that make news content available to persons in Canada\u201d. It outlines the following objectives, summarised as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>To regulate digital news intermediaries (think Google or Meta) to enhance fairness in the Canadian digital news marketplace and contribute to its sustainability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To introduce a new bargaining framework to secure the fair compensation to support news businesses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>With phrasing such as \u201cprinciples of freedom of expression and journalistic independence\u201d, things seem virtuous and reasonable at this point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although this sparked significant debate both for and against the Bill, what didn\u2019t happen was Meta blocking news, like it did in Australia, which forced the Australian&nbsp; government to add concessions to their laws. Now it\u2019s June 2022, and the Canadian Bill has become law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/-FmG0DOQZtshAbvuOpicDH7yavfpHPNqt6vUAku7gpwFWhW2yAPG0w59YeDPMmA9s-WP04wXeIFVTr_uZ67BCJisUV_hCO9XZ04PmefjgZp5Bd2JPZn5x9YfCe39sWAddKAmtUQjnFkhpFOMGyY4G0g\" width=\"530\" height=\"255\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The government responded to the blocked news links by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.michaelgeist.ca\/2023\/07\/trudeau-likens-bill-c-18-battle-to-world-war-two-fight-for-democracy-as-government-suspends-meta-advertising-but-not-liberal-party-ads\/\">stopping to advertise on Facebook and Instagram<\/a> and encouraging others to do the same. The boycott has had little effect as the Liberal party is still advertising on the platforms with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ads\/library\/?active_status=all&amp;ad_type=all&amp;country=CA&amp;view_all_page_id=60266912006&amp;sort_data%5Bdirection%5D=desc&amp;sort_data%5Bmode%5D=relevancy_monthly_grouped&amp;search_type=page&amp;media_type=all\">new round of ads this week<\/a>, the Prime Minister is still <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JustinPJTrudeau\/\">posting on the platforms,<\/a> and reports indicate that Facebook <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/canada\/article-metas-news-ban-fails-to-dent-facebook-usage\/\">has not experienced a reduction in user activity<\/a>. In fact, reports suggest that the experience on Facebook without news has improved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the government is still talking tough, the law has been an utter disaster, leading to millions in lost revenues with cancelled deals, reduced traffic for Canadian media sites, declining investment in media in Canada, and few options to salvage this mess.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Google, Meta respond<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>We don\u2019t need Canadian media, nor the precedence Canadian law sets<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s important to note here, that there are two ways to comply with this law, one is to continue to do exactly what you\u2019re doing (as Google and Meta), and to come to the table and negotiate compensations. Now, some reports estimate that these compensations will likely be a minimum of 4% of search and social media revenues in Canada, for a minimum of $234 million, and this is reportedly a minimum that is likely to be exceeded in practice. The other implication of this compensation is the payee requirement, that amounts to CBC likely being the biggest beneficiary by a significant margin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The alternative that Google and Meta can take is to simply remove this content from their platforms, in which case they wouldn\u2019t have to do so until January of 2024. Well, Meta decided to do just that, preemptively, back in June. 0, finis, done, no more news on Facebook and Instagram, oh and it gets worse. The mechanism they\u2019ve created to ensure they are not keeping news on their site is aggressive, and podcasts too are being blocked, as Alfred Hermida, from the school of Journalism, Writing and Media at the University of British Columbia puts it \u201c\u201cThey\u2019ve cast this broad net, to catch anything that potentially looks like news [and block it] and all sorts of people have been caught up in it\u201d\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Google, on the other hand, still offers news on their platform, but has stated they will also remove this in its entirety come January. For them, they have published a few articles discussing how they\u2019d like to see the bill improved, proposed amendments to 8 sections of the legal text of the bill, as well as broader ethical violations they think the bill is causing. These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Creating a lower standard for journalism in Canada<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Establishing a model that will benefit large publishers over smaller ones<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Giving regulators unprecedented influence over news<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/3-CZCqcSePMwNlaHHaGm_HmOSlBvj1_1N59Pm_62uPkwzEipOCenAmZgoqfUmDglorRzB20H9frod3PZvdAWmGjjnRX5nC2gi033bByV5llwKQ1LwLHYiI8PFj7ThS4MoRLxCWtm7KILvWF39Dt3H44\" width=\"624\" height=\"300\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digital Media agencies weigh-in<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>I don\u2019t know who this is saving, but it\u2019s not me<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One piece of the legislation that stuck out to me before I did so is the following.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe Act will include criteria to determine which news businesses are eligible to participate in the bargaining process. To be eligible, a news business must be a qualified Canadian journalism organisation or meet other statutory criteria that include operating in Canada and regularly employing two or more journalists in Canada.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With this in mind, let\u2019s take a look at a smaller news agency, The Rover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Rover is a crowd-funded investigative journalism project: an award-winning newsletter that covers stories you won\u2019t find anywhere else. Reporting from Montreal, across Quebec and beyond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It employs just three individuals, and though its founder, Christopher Curtis, claims to be an Award-winning journalist, it isn\u2019t clear if he employs himself as one, for the sake of even being eligible to participate in the intended bargaining process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/TF2JBxiuw5FM0IhJPXVYp2hwxnD7xr6eypQuaCbnQRc4tcxPSiP9BeNoEX6kuJNZ-sh0ewQhfHsrNCGq3ozOtbognamtpMwwW-5ctuA5iycko_qfzeoFUcaIwWY4Z9NABXmv4zKVKMNCVwgPwyfq-Ow\" width=\"418\" height=\"464\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWithout social media\u2019s reach, I\u2019m in trouble\u201d &#8211; says Christopher&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur own leverage is the audience that we can access on social media.\u201d \u201cWhat\u2019s happening right now is threatening my livelihood.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Closing remarks, ethical considerations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Was this the right thing to do?&nbsp;<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>My name is Elliot Wyman, and I am a Master\u2019s student at HEC, studying Data Science and Business Analytics. My professional background consists of many jobs within technology, from software development to IT roles, such as serving as a Website Administrator for an online college. I mention this to be clear about my biases, before engaging in this important discussion. There are a few points I feel the most compelled to address.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>I think it\u2019s necessary to start with my opinion on government intervention in the free market, and although we can argue that with tech monoliths such as Meta and Google, we\u2019re not in fact in a free market, I do believe that government shouldn\u2019t interfere and that products need to evolve to stay alive, we don\u2019t all still ride horses right?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Then we have the issues with the law itself, it sounds firmly rooted in democracy and principle, but if this really just means a paycheque for CBC, who is then indebted to the liberal government, or whichever party secures the next payment, well, I\u2019m not interested<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On that note, I think journalism is extremely important, especially on a local and national level, but again, what are we doing for journalists here, and could we do better?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To wrap up the rant on the government, it makes sense that backpedalling is a sign of weakness and that to concede to these companies is not a good tactic, but this affects people, good workers trying to create good news, it\u2019s not a hand of poker, maybe the government should have gone back to the table, after all, if they were following Australia\u2019s lead, that\u2019s exactly what they did.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If this is an economic discussion then let\u2019s end with an economist: Thomas Sowell once said \u201c\u201cThere are no solutions, there are only trade-offs; and you try to get the best trade-off you can get, that\u2019s all you can hope for.\u201d\u201d And with that said I suppose I\u2019m just a little disappointed with the trade-offs, and that, as with much done by the government, we just have to wait for the next group to propose the new trade-offs to our trade-offs, and hope journalism isn\u2019t dead by then.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.parl.ca\/legisinfo\/en\/bill\/44-1\/c-18\">https:\/\/www.parl.ca\/legisinfo\/en\/bill\/44-1\/c-18<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.parl.ca\/DocumentViewer\/en\/44-1\/bill\/C-18\/royal-assent\">https:\/\/www.parl.ca\/DocumentViewer\/en\/44-1\/bill\/C-18\/royal-assent<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/csj-sjc\/pl\/charter-charte\/c18_1.html\">https:\/\/www.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/csj-sjc\/pl\/charter-charte\/c18_1.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.google\/intl\/en-ca\/company-news\/outreach-initiatives\/an-update-on-canadas-bill-c-18-and-our-search-and-news-products\/\">https:\/\/blog.google\/intl\/en-ca\/company-news\/outreach-initiatives\/an-update-on-canadas-bill-c-18-and-our-search-and-news-products\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/politics\/understanding-bill-c-18-canada-s-online-news-act-and-its-proposed-rules-explained-1.6488532\">https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/politics\/understanding-bill-c-18-canada-s-online-news-act-and-its-proposed-rules-explained-1.6488532<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-the-rover wp-block-embed-the-rover\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Gk040IJeL7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therover.ca\/our-team\/\">Our Team<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Our Team&#8221; &#8212; The Rover\" src=\"https:\/\/therover.ca\/our-team\/embed\/#?secret=2gvDdpS0pY#?secret=Gk040IJeL7\" data-secret=\"Gk040IJeL7\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ourcommons.ca\/Content\/Committee\/441\/CHPC\/Brief\/BR12044085\/br-external\/GoogleCanada-e.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ourcommons.ca\/Content\/Committee\/441\/CHPC\/Brief\/BR12044085\/br-external\/GoogleCanada-e.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-michael-geist wp-block-embed-michael-geist\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"AHe80A2sAq\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.michaelgeist.ca\/2023\/09\/a-reality-check-on-the-online-news-act-why-bill-c-18-has-been-a-total-policy-disaster\/\">A Reality Check on the Online News Act: Why Bill C-18 Has Been a Total Policy Disaster<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;A Reality Check on the Online News Act: Why Bill C-18 Has Been a Total Policy Disaster&#8221; &#8212; Michael Geist\" src=\"https:\/\/www.michaelgeist.ca\/2023\/09\/a-reality-check-on-the-online-news-act-why-bill-c-18-has-been-a-total-policy-disaster\/embed\/#?secret=4lg2pe5Voy#?secret=AHe80A2sAq\" data-secret=\"AHe80A2sAq\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-michael-geist wp-block-embed-michael-geist\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VChzVuKXFd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.michaelgeist.ca\/2023\/10\/regulations-alone-cant-fix-bill-c-18-why-news-media-canadas-surrender-may-not-be-enough-to-stop-google-from-blocking-news-links-in-canada\/\">Regulations Alone Can\u2019t Fix Bill C-18: Why News Media Canada\u2019s \u201cSurrender\u201d May Not Be Enough to Stop Google From Blocking News Links in Canada<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Regulations Alone Can\u2019t Fix Bill C-18: Why News Media Canada\u2019s \u201cSurrender\u201d May Not Be Enough to Stop Google From Blocking News Links in Canada&#8221; &#8212; Michael Geist\" src=\"https:\/\/www.michaelgeist.ca\/2023\/10\/regulations-alone-cant-fix-bill-c-18-why-news-media-canadas-surrender-may-not-be-enough-to-stop-google-from-blocking-news-links-in-canada\/embed\/#?secret=Pf1YHA8Gvc#?secret=VChzVuKXFd\" data-secret=\"VChzVuKXFd\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/google-facebook-canadian-news-1.6894029\">https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/google-facebook-canadian-news-1.6894029<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-the-niagara-independent wp-block-embed-the-niagara-independent\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"jNCP6qR1MP\"><a href=\"https:\/\/niagaraindependent.ca\/canadas-subsidized-mainstream-media-is-not-trusted\/\">Canada\u2019s subsidized mainstream media is not trusted<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Canada\u2019s subsidized mainstream media is not trusted&#8221; &#8212; The Niagara Independent\" src=\"https:\/\/niagaraindependent.ca\/canadas-subsidized-mainstream-media-is-not-trusted\/embed\/#?secret=TRaWVm9EYh#?secret=jNCP6qR1MP\" data-secret=\"jNCP6qR1MP\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/world\/meta-australia-google-news-canada-1.6925726\">https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/world\/meta-australia-google-news-canada-1.6925726<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Published: 2023\/11\/14 Written by: Elliot Wyman Major regulation for Online Intermediaries concerning News coverage It worked for Australia, why don\u2019t we do it too? It\u2019s 2019, and the Canadian Liberal government, led by Justin Trudeau, just doled out a $595 million dollar bailout to certain approved news publishers. Ouch. 2021 comes around, and Australia proposes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1367,"featured_media":45592,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[708,1787,706,1784,766,1785,178,117,1786,107],"class_list":["post-45568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-web-analytique","tag-analyses-de-donnees","tag-canadian-government","tag-collecte-des-donnees","tag-facebook-meta","tag-google-2","tag-journalism","tag-marketing","tag-marketing-digital","tag-news","tag-podcast"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bill C-18 The Online News Act: What\u2019s new?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discussing Bill C-18: The Canadian governments motivation and intended outcomes; feedback from Google and Meta (news intermediaries), small media\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/digital.hec.ca\/en\/blog\/bill-c-18-goverment-google-small-media\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bill C-18 The Online News Act: What\u2019s new?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discussing Bill C-18: The Canadian governments motivation and intended outcomes; 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